A sexually transmitted disease is an infection passed from one person to another through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Some can also spread through blood or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

What are the most common STDs?

The most common STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, hepatitis B and C, and HIV/AIDS.

What symptoms should I look for?

Possible symptoms include pain or burning when urinating, unusual genital discharge, sores, blisters, or rash in the genital area, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, and fever or fatigue. Many STDs can be present without symptoms.

How are STDs diagnosed?

Diagnosis may involve blood tests, urine tests, or swabs from the genital area or throat.

Some STDs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, can be cured with antibiotics. Others, like herpes and HIV, cannot be cured but can be managed effectively with medication.

How can I prevent an STD?

Prevention steps include using condoms every time you have sex, getting regular STD screenings, having a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner, and avoiding needle sharing.

What should I do if I think I have an STD?

Seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment protect your health and help prevent spreading the infection to others.

Upper Tract Urothelial Cancer

Diagnosis and Treatment

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare cancer that affects the inner lining of the ureters or the renal pelvis (upper part of the kidney collecting system). Though less common than bladder cancer, UTUC requires early detection and experienced management.

At our urology clinic in Tbilisi, we provide accurate diagnosis, endoscopic evaluation, and both kidney-sparing and radical treatments for UTUC.

What Is UTUC?

UTUC arises from the urothelial lining of the renal pelvis or ureters — the same type of cells involved in bladder cancer. It may be low-grade or high-grade, and can be either non-invasive or invasive.

Who Is at Risk?

Age > 60 years
Smoking
Personal or family history of bladder cancer
Chronic inflammation or infections in the urinary tract
Exposure to chemicals or aristolochic acid (from certain herbal medicines)

Symptoms

Blood in the urine (hematuria) – most common and often painless
Flank pain or side/back discomfort
Recurrent urinary infections
Unexplained weight loss or fatigue (advanced cases)

Many cases are diagnosed during CT urography or after cystoscopy for hematuria.

Diagnosis

We offer complete evaluation:

CT urography – gold standard for imaging
Ureteroscopy with biopsy – direct visualization and tissue sampling
Urine cytology
Kidney function tests

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on tumor grade, size, location, and patient kidney function:

Kidney-sparing endoscopic resection – for small, low-grade tumors
Laser ablation via ureteroscopy
Radical nephroureterectomy – removal of kidney, ureter, and bladder cuff for high-grade/invasive tumors
Intracavitary therapy (e.g., BCG or mitomycin) via ureteral catheter
Systemic chemotherapy or immunotherapy – for advanced cases
Surveillance protocols – for low-risk disease

Our team specializes in minimally invasive and organ-preserving techniques, whenever safe and possible.

📞 If you’ve had blood in your urine or suspicious imaging, book a consultation: +995598257727. Early diagnosis can save your kidney — and your life.