A sexually transmitted disease is an infection passed from one person to another through sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Some can also spread through blood or from mother to child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding.

What are the most common STDs?

The most common STDs include chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, hepatitis B and C, and HIV/AIDS.

What symptoms should I look for?

Possible symptoms include pain or burning when urinating, unusual genital discharge, sores, blisters, or rash in the genital area, lower abdominal or pelvic pain, and fever or fatigue. Many STDs can be present without symptoms.

How are STDs diagnosed?

Diagnosis may involve blood tests, urine tests, or swabs from the genital area or throat.

Some STDs, such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis, can be cured with antibiotics. Others, like herpes and HIV, cannot be cured but can be managed effectively with medication.

How can I prevent an STD?

Prevention steps include using condoms every time you have sex, getting regular STD screenings, having a mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner, and avoiding needle sharing.

What should I do if I think I have an STD?

Seek medical attention promptly. Early diagnosis and treatment protect your health and help prevent spreading the infection to others.

Testicular Cancer

Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Testicular cancer is a rare but highly curable cancer, most common in men aged 15–40. Early diagnosis is key. At our urology clinic in Tbilisi, we offer confidential evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and advanced treatment options for testicular cancer, including laparoscopic RPLND.

What Is Testicular Cancer?

Testicular cancer arises in one or both testicles. The main types are seminomas and non-seminomas, both germ cell tumors.

Who Is at Risk?

Males aged 15–40
Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism)
Family or personal history
Infertility or small testicle

Symptoms

Painless lump or swelling in a testicle
Heaviness in the scrotum
Dull lower abdominal or groin pain
Breast tenderness (rare)

Most are detected via self-exam or by chance during other tests.

Diagnosis

Testicular ultrasound
Tumor markers (AFP, hCG, LDH)
CT/MRI for staging
Orchiectomy for definitive diagnosis

Treatment Options

Radical inguinal orchiectomy
Radiation therapy (mainly for seminoma)
Chemotherapy (for advanced or non-seminoma)
Active surveillance (early-stage, low-risk)
Laparoscopic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) – for precise staging or residual tumor removal with minimal invasiveness